TENS in Labour: A Natural Path to Pain Management
TENS, or Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, involves a small, battery-operated device that delivers mild electrical impulses through adhesive electrode pads placed on the lower back. It delivers mild electrical impulses to the skin. TENS has been used for decades by medical professionals as a safe, effective form of pain management. For women in labour, TENS can allow a woman to experience a mobile, drug-free labour, and a sense of feeling in control.
How Does TENS Work?
The TENS machine works by a couple of different mechanisms.
Gate Control Theory: When the TENS is on a low setting, the electrical pulses travel along the nerves faster than the pain signals from contractions, therefore flooding the brain with sensory input. The brain can only process a certain amount of sensations so it "closes the gate" in the spinal cord, limiting the painful sensations of the contractions.
Endorphin Release: When the TENS is boosted during a contraction, you are increasing sensations which stimulate the body to release natural painkillers, called endorphins, which are the body's own morphine-like hormones, further reducing the perception of pain.
Many women find the resulting sensation a helpful "contraction distraction," helping them feel calmer and more focused during labour.
Benefits of Using TENS in Labour
Drug-Free
Safe for baby
No side effects
Non-Invasive and Portable: allows for freedom of movement during labour
Proven effectiveness, up to 80% for reducing labour pain
Empowering and Controllable: fostering a sense of control over her pain
Usable and Useful at Home
Compatible with Other Methods: such as breathing techniques, gas although it must be removed before entering water (baths or showers).
What does TENS feel like?
TENS feels like a mild tingling, buzzing, or tapping sensation on the skin where the electrode pads are placed
Is TENS Safe?
Yes, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is widely considered safe for both the mother and the baby during labor when used correctly. It is a non-invasive, drug-free pain relief option with no known side effects. However, there are a few precautions. TENS should not be used over broken skin or desensitisation, heart condition, pacemaker, epilepsy, cochlear implant, in or around water and before 36 weeks.
How to use TENS in labour? When to start and how long for?
For maximum effectiveness, it is recommended to start using the TENS machine in the early stages of labour, as soon as contractions become regular or slightly uncomfortable. This allows time for the body's endorphin levels to build up. TENS can be worn as needed for as long as desired. It is recommended to use for a minimum of 30 minutes before seeing its effectiveness.
Placement: The self-adhesive electrodes are typically placed on the lower and mid-back, on either side of the spine. It can be helpful for your birth partner to assist with the placement.
Operation: Start with a low setting and increase the intensity gradually as contractions strengthen. When a contraction begins, turn the dial or buttons up for an extra surge of relief, returning to the lower setting between contractions
Limitations and Considerations:
While many women find TENS to be a valuable tool, it is important to note that its effectiveness can vary from person to person. Some studies suggest it doesn't significantly lower pain scores compared to other methods, but it does often increase maternal satisfaction and a sense of control. It may be less effective during the very intense, later stages of labour.
Can I use the TENS at the hospital?
Yes, midwives and doctors are usually fine for women to use TENS during labour. You may need to turn the TENS off if there is electronic monitoring being done
What type of TENS unit should I use?
There are several types of TENS units and some claim to be “Labour or Obstetric” TENS. But this is not necessary. As long as the TENS is medical grade and the intensity can be easily adjustable.
When should I book a TENS?
You can book a TENS anytime, usually from the beginning of your 3rd trimester. The hire period is usually 4-6 weeks, so aiming to have the TENS from 37-42 weeks.
To hire a TENS through LifeCycles, head to the website www.lifecycles.nz to book and pay. At checkout, there will be an option to purchase delivery and return postage. Otherwise, pick-up and drop off can be arranged from Botany Birthing Unit or Half Moon Bay. If the hire date is in the future, email LifeCycles to specify when you would like the period to start.